Genetics

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The genome of the domestic dog was first sequenced in 2005, and Wisdom Health launched the first breed-identification dog DNA test two years later. Now (16 years later), several brands offer canine DNA tests ranging from breed identification to rigorous health testing.

Wisdom Panel is the oldest DNA test and therefore has tested the most individual dogs to date. They offer the cheapest breed identification test, and their premium test screens for more than 200 genetic health conditions. Many dog owners and breeders are skeptical of both their breed identification test and health testing, but they still made history by introducing the first test, and it is the least expensive.

Embark is regarded by many as the best breed identification test for mixed-breed dogs, and they offer health testing for an additional fee. Embark tests across 230,000 genetic markers for over 350 breeds and types of dogs, as well as 230 medical conditions. Many ethical breeders are skeptical of their health testing (partly because many unethical breeders use Embark in lieu of complete health testing), but this is our top recommendation for breed identification of mixed dogs.

Ancestry (known for their human DNA testing) has just launched their own canine DNA test, and you can get it for free if you start a new BarkBox subscription. We do not yet know how reliable the Ancestry test is, but we strongly recommend the BarkBox subscription so join now for the free DNA test and see how it goes!

Paw Print Genetics is our top recommendation for genetic health testing, especially for purebreds. Their tests are more expensive than the aforementioned companies, but they are 100% reliable and they offer breed-specific panels at a discount. If you have an unethically bred purebred or "designer dog", you should at least order the panel that is recommended for your breed(s). Some breeds require several tests and total around $500, but it is well worth it if your dog's parents did not have DNA testing done.

The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals is the database where breeders upload their breeding dogs' health testing information (including DNA tests, joint X-ray evaluations, etc.), and they offer their own health testing service conducted by the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine. Their genetic health tests are also very reliable and utilized by many breeders who wish to streamline the process of health testing transparency (i.e., they do not have to upload the results like they would if using Paw Print).

There are several other companies, colleges, and laboratories that offer DNA tests for dogs, but these are the most popular, and mostly for good reasons.